LMX2531LQX1778E/NOPB vs LMX2531LQX2080E/NOPB
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| Category | Clock/Timing - Clock Generators, PLLs, Frequency Synthesizers | Clock/Timing - Clock Generators, PLLs, Frequency Synthesizers |
| Manufacturer | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments |
| Description | IC FREQ SYNTH HI PERF VCO 36WQFN | IC FREQ SYNTH HI PERF VCO 36WQFN |
| Package | Tape & Reel (TR) | Tape & Reel (TR) |
| Series | - | - |
| Type | Frequency Synthesizer (RF) | Frequency Synthesizer (RF) |
| Voltage - Supply | 2.8V ~ 3.2V | 2.8V ~ 3.2V |
| Operating Temperature | -40°C ~ 85°C | -40°C ~ 85°C |
| Mounting Type | Surface Mount | Surface Mount |
| Package / Case | 36-WFQFN Exposed Pad | 36-WFQFN Exposed Pad |
| Supplier Device Package | 36-WQFN (6x6) | 36-WQFN (6x6) |
| Output | CMOS | CMOS |
| Frequency - Max | 1.84GHz | 2.274GHz |
| Number of Circuits | 1 | 1 |
| Input | Clock | Clock |
| PLL | Yes | Yes |
| Ratio - Input:Output | 2:2 | 2:2 |
| Differential - Input:Output | No/No | No/No |
| Divider/Multiplier | Yes/No | Yes/No |
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1. How does Phase-locked loops（PLL） work?
PLL (phase locked loop) is a feedback control circuit that continuously adjusts the frequency and phase of the internal oscillation signal to synchronize with the input reference signal by comparing the phase difference between the input signal and the feedback signal. PLL is mainly composed of phase detector (PD), loop filter (LF), voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and optional divider (Divider).
When PLL starts working, the frequency of input reference signal is always different from the inherent oscillation frequency of voltage controlled oscillator, resulting in constant phase difference. The error voltage output by the phase detector is converted into a control voltage through a loop filter and added to the voltage-controlled oscillator, so that its frequency is gradually adjusted to synchronize with the input reference signal and enter the "locked" state. If the frequency and phase of the input reference signal change, the PLL controls the frequency and phase of the voltage-controlled oscillator to track the changes of the input reference signal and re-enter the locked state. -
2. Which is better, direct digital synthesis or PLL?
Direct digital synthesis (DDS) and PLL each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Choosing which one is better depends on the specific application requirements. DDS performs well in frequency switching speed and high resolution, while PLL has more advantages in phase noise and spurious performance.
The advantages of DDS include:
High frequency switching speed: DDS works in the digital domain. Once the frequency control word is updated, the output frequency changes accordingly, and the frequency hopping rate is high.
High resolution: Due to the large width of the frequency control word (such as 48bit or higher), the frequency resolution is high.
Flexibility: DDS can generate any desired waveform and initial phase, suitable for applications requiring a wide range of scenarios.
PLL advantages include:
Low phase noise: PLL excels in low phase noise and low spurious performance, suitable for applications requiring high stable frequency.
Wide frequency range: The upper limit of the PLL output frequency depends on the upper limit of the VCO, which can support a wider frequency range.
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3. How does PLL increase frequency?
PLL (phase-locked loop) is usually used to increase or decrease the frequency of a signal. Increasing the frequency usually involves increasing the value of the feedback divider, while decreasing the frequency involves increasing or adjusting the gain followed by a divider.
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4. What are the three types of frequency synthesizers?
There are three main types of frequency synthesizers: direct analog frequency synthesis, indirect frequency synthesis, and direct digital frequency synthesis.
Direct analog frequency synthesis: This method uses one or more different crystal oscillators as reference signal sources to directly generate many discrete frequency output signals through frequency multiplication, frequency division, mixing, etc. The advantages of direct analog frequency synthesis are high long-term and short-term frequency stability and fast frequency conversion speed, but it is difficult to debug and difficult to suppress spurious signals.
Indirect frequency synthesis: also known as phase-locked loop frequency synthesis technology (PLL), using one or several reference frequency sources, through harmonic generator mixing and frequency division, etc. to generate a large number of harmonics or combined frequencies, and then use a phase-locked loop to lock the frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator to a certain harmonic or combined frequency. The advantages of indirect frequency synthesis are low cost and the ability to synthesize any frequency, but slow response, mainly used in civilian equipment.
Direct digital frequency synthesis: This method performs frequency synthesis based on the concept of phase, using digital sampling and storage technology, with the advantages of precise phase and frequency resolution, fast conversion time, etc. The key components of direct digital frequency synthesis include digital-to-analog converters, phase accumulators, and memories, etc., which store the required waveform version in digital format and create signals.
